The gas distributed energy system (GDES) is becoming a new and important field of clean energy utilization. Considering different environmental characteristics according to local conditions is an important premise for the orderly promotion and healthy development of GDES. It is necessary to establish a systematic and scientific index system to evaluate and compare GDES in different regions. This paper identified the influencing factors of GDES developments through a literature review. Total 16 quantifiable indicators were concluded from 4 aspects involving resource conditions, energy environments, economic environments, and social environments. An evaluation index system of regional GDES development environments is established. Then, a combined weighting determination method was applied to evaluate and rank the GDES development environments of 31 provincial administrative regions in China. According to the evaluation results, the development environments were divided into five categories, and the differences in resource conditions, energy, economic, and social environments were compared. According to the different environmental characteristics of the five categories, a series of development strategies was suggested.