基于电动汽车充换电需求时空分布的充换电设施规划
作者:
作者单位:

(上海电力大学电气工程学院,上海 200090)

通讯作者:

杨 秀(1972—),男,博士,教授,主要从事分布式发电与微电网运行与仿真的研究;E?mail:yangxiu721103@126.com

中图分类号:

TM727

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(52207121)


Planning of charging and battery swapping facilities based on spatio‑temporal distribution of charging and battery swapping demand of electric vehicles
Author:
Affiliation:

(College of Electrical Engineering,Shanghai University of Electric Power,Shanghai 200090,China)

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    摘要:

    近年来随着电动汽车(electric vehicle,EV)保有量上升,新能源汽车充换电设施需求量同步增加。然而,单一的充电设施无法满足不同类型车辆的充换电需求,为此,提出一种充电桩与换电站的混合规划方法。首先,利用海量网约车订单数据进行数据挖掘和出行特征提取,得到充换电负荷的时空分布;随后,根据充电需求信息建立充电桩规划模型,确定各功能区充电桩的布局规模,以满足EV充电便捷性的需求,再针对换电站错峰运行成本过高的问题,构建基于有序充电的换电站双层规划模型,并通过改进灰狼优化(Grey Wolf optimization,GWO)算法求解各目标成本;最后,以成都市二环交通网络和IEEE 33节点系统为例,对无序和有序充电模式下的换电站规划进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:所提混合规划方法能够使EV用户获得方便、快速的供电;有序充电模式下换电站的规划结果不仅经济且有利于配电网稳定运行。

    Abstract:

    With the increase in the number of electric vehicle (EV) in recent years, the demand for charging and battery swapping facilities of new energy vehicles is also increasing. However, a single-function charging facility cannot meet the charging and battery swapping needs of different types of vehicles. To address this issue, a hybrid planning method for charging piles and battery swapping stations is proposed. First, massive ride-hailing order data is mined to extract travel features and the spatio-temporal distribution of charging and battery swapping demands. Based on the charging demand, a charging pile planning model is established to determine the scale of charging piles in each functional area, ensuring convenient charging for EVs. In view of the high cost of staggered operation of battery swapping stations, a two-layer planning model that integrates ordered charging is constructed, and each target cost is solved using an improved Grey Wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. Finally, by taking the second ring traffic network of Chengdu City and the IEEE 33 node system as examples, the planning of the battery swapping stations under unordered and ordered charging modes is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the proposed hybrid planning method enables EV users to charge conveniently and quickly. The ordered charging mode for battery swapping stations is both economical and conducive to the stable operation of the distribution network.

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张美霞,付御临,杨 秀.基于电动汽车充换电需求时空分布的充换电设施规划[J].电力科学与技术学报,2025,40(1):126-137.
ZHANG Meixia, FU Yulin, YANG Xiu. Planning of charging and battery swapping facilities based on spatio‑temporal distribution of charging and battery swapping demand of electric vehicles[J]. Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2025,40(1):126-137.

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