When a highvoltage fault occurs near the voltage zerocrossing point or with a large transition resistance, the attenuation of generated weak fault transient signal is obvious. Thus, the traditional fault ranging method might fail due to the difficulties to detect the wave head. Under the background, a distributed traveling wavebased fault location method which considers the fault transient signal attenuation is proposed in this paper. Firstly, according to the exponential decay law of the current traveling wave transmission distance, the maximum arrangement distance of the current traveling wave measurement unit is determined under the weak fault signals. Secondly, based on the attenuation characteristics of the frequency components in the first wave head of the current traveling wave, the fault interval identification is realized by recognizing the difference of amplitude ratio of frequency components between fault intervals and healthy intervals. Finally, the faults are accurately located by utilizing the arrival time of the current traveling waves through the three measuring points on both sides of the fault interval. The simulation model of IEEE 30bus system is set up in PSCAD/EMTDC,and the simulative results show that the proposed method can cover the different fault types, fault resistances, and fault initial phase angles. The high positioning accuracy and ideal reliability are verified.