To address the nonlinear output characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) cells and enhance their utilization efficiency, it is crucial to track their maximum power output in real-time. Starting from an analysis of PV cell output characteristics and based on an explanation of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control principle, this paper reviews the algorithms for MPPT in photovoltaic power generation systems. It discusses tracking speed, control accuracy, and issues that need to be addressed in future research and applications. Through experimental comparisons, the paper analyzes differences between various algorithms and between different parameters within the same algorithm, as well as the distinctions between voltage control and direct duty cycle control. Based on the experimental results, the paper summarizes various MPPT algorithms, including their tracking time, tracking efficiency, and voltage fluctuations. Recommendations are provided for suitable applications in engineering, offering a reference for the design and implementation of key components in PV grid-connected controllers. Finally, the paper outlines future development trends.